1. “Trained observers employed a time-sampling protocol whereby children’s social participation behaviors were recorded using a series of 30-second time-samples.”
2. “Children were observed on three to four separate days over a 4-week period. During each visit, observers located target children in the schoolyard and coded each child’s activity for a series of 10 time-samples.”
3. “Observers rotated their attention through the target children (in a random order) on each visit until between 30 and 40 time-samples were completed per child.”
4. “Visits continued until 120 time-samples (i.e., 60 minutes) were completed for every child.”
5. “Following the established protocol, these codes were mutually exclusive, with the predominant (i.e., most frequent) behavioral code assigned for each time sample.”
6. “Of note, parallel play and teacher interaction were observed to occur less than 0.5% of the time.”
7. “Indeed, only a handful of children were observed to display any of these behaviors across all scans.”
8. “Research assistants completed several weeks of extensive training (e.g., theoretical background readings, detailed review of the coding manual, multiple practice observation sessions with an experienced coder) and collected inter-observer reliability data prior to the start of the study.”
