Felicia’s teacher recognized that she

Question 1

1. Felicia’s teacher recognized that she needed help with addition and subtraction. The teacher gave just enough help for Felicia to be able to finish on her own. Vygotsky called this range of a child’s capability the _____________ and the assistance provided by the teacher as _____________.
   

   a.	Area of scaffolding, scaffolding.
   b.	Intellectual area of growth, critical assistance.
   c.	Zone of proximal development, scaffolding.
   d.	Zone of proximal development, critical assistance.

Question 2

1. Erikson recognized that in different periods of life, there are challenges people face that can cause conflict between personal impulses and the social world. He referred to these challenges as:
   

   a.	Styles of development.
   b.	Psychosocial dilemmas.
   c.	Management techniques.
   d.	Natural consequences.

Question 3

1. A time of increased susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences is called a:
   

   a.	Sensitive period.
   b.	Biological stage.
   c.	Period of motor primacy.
   d.	Maturational milestone.

Question 4

1. You are watching television, when your 4-year-old son comes into the room and sits on the floor between you and the television, blocking your view. You ask him to move so you can see better, and he moves so that he can see better. Your son is exhibiting:
   

   a.	A lack of object permanence.
   b.	Egocentric thought.
   c.	Naive conservationism.
   d.	A lack of intuitive thinking.

Question 5

1. In ______________, new information is incorporated into an existing schema, whereas in ____________, the information is different enough that an existing schema changes to make sense of the new information.
   

   a.	Accommodation, assimilation.
   b.	Object permanence, transformation.
   c.	Transformation, object permanence.
   d.	Assimilation, accommodation.

Question 6

1. According to Izard, the most common infant expression is __________ rather than __________.
   

   a.	General excitement, interest.
   b.	Interest, general excitement.
   c.	Anger, joy.
   d.	Joy, anger.

Question 7

1. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a person in the preconventional stage is mostly concerned with:
   

   a.	Self-interests and avoiding punishment.
   b.	Pleasing others.
   c.	Being fair.
   d.	Behaving consistently with one’s own ethical principles.

Question 8

1. In Erikson’s Stage 3, he describes the child’s major task as developing initiative. For Erikson, initiative means that the child:
   

   a.	Begins to learn how to make plans and carry out tasks.
   b.	Learns to form a sense of trust.
   c.	Develops self-control through physical exploration.
   d.	Develops a sense of identity through relationships with peers.

Question 9

1. Heredity and environment constantly interact. The ______________ refers to the extent to which environmental influences allow the potential of genes to be expressed.
   

   a.	Level of attachment.
   b.	Transformation.
   c.	Intuitive thought.
   d.	Range of reaction.

Question 10

1. When considering parenting practices, a psychology professional should keep these cultural differences in mind:
   

   a.	Degree of emphasis on family as being central.
   b.	Standards of discipline.
   c.	Degree of emphasis on interdependence versus independence.
   d.	All of the above.