SPSS
ASSIGNMENT #8
Chi-Square
SPSS instructions:
Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit:
Open
SPSS
Remember
that SPSS assumes that all the scores in a row are from the same participant.
In the study presented in #1, there are 20 students, some of whom have been
suspended for misbehavior. The primary conflict-resolution style used by each
student is also entered. [Ignore the first variable in this analysis.]
When
you have entered the data for all 20 students, move to the Variable View window
and change the first variable name to “SUSPEND” and the second to “STYLE”. Set
the number of decimals for both variables to zero.
Click
Analyzeà Non-Parametric Testsà Chi-Square
Click
the variable “STYLE” and then the arrow next to the box labeled “Test Variable
List” to indicate that the chi-square for goodness of fit should be conducted
on the conflict-resolution style variable.
Note
that “All categories equal” is the default selection in the “Expected Values”
box, which means that SPSS will conduct the goodness of fit test using equal
expected frequencies for each of the four styles, in other words, SPSS will
assume that the proportions of students each style are equal.
Click
OK.
Chi-Square Test for Independence:
Open
SPSS
For
#2, you need to add the variable “SUSPEND” to the analysis. Remember that in
this problem, we are interested in whether there was an association between
conflict-resolution style and having been suspended from school for
misbehavior. Since the analysis will involve two nominal variables, the appropriate
test is a chi-square test for independence.
Click
Analyzeà Descriptive Statisticsà Crosstabs
Since
“SUSPEND” is already selected, click the arrow next to the box labeled “Rows.”
Click
the variable “STYLE” and click the arrow next to the box labeled “Columns.”
Click
“Statistics” and click the box labeled “Chi-Square.”
Click
Continue.
Click
“Cells” and click the box labeled “Expected.”
Click
Continue.
Click
OK.
1.
The
following table includes the primary method of conflict resolution used by 20 students.
|
Method |
Aggressive |
Manipulative |
Passive |
Assertive |
|
N of Students |
8 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
a. Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct the appropriate chi-square test to determine
whether the observed frequencies are significantly different from the
frequencies expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly identify
each of the five steps.
b. Explain your response to
some who has never had a course in statistics.
2.
Next,
researchers categorized the students based on the primary method of conflict
resolution used and whether the student had been suspended from school for
misbehavior. These data are presented
below.
Method
|
Suspended |
Aggressive |
Manipulative |
Passive |
Assertive |
Total |
|
Yes |
7 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
|
No |
1 |
1 |
1 |
7 |
10 |
|
Total |
8 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
20 |
a. Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct the appropriate chi-square test to determine
whether the observed frequencies are significantly different from the
frequencies expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly
identify each of the five steps.
b. Calculate the effect
size.
c. Explain your response to
someone who has never had a course in statistics.
3.
Believing
that assertiveness is the most effective method of conflict resolution, the
researchers categorized students so that the aggressive, manipulative, and
passive categories were combined. These
data are presented in the table below.
Conflict Resolution
|
Suspension from School |
Assertive |
Other |
Total |
|
Yes |
1 |
9 |
10 |
|
No |
6 |
4 |
10 |
|
Total |
7 |
13 |
20 |
a. Following the five steps
of hypothesis testing, conduct the appropriate chi-square test to determine
whether the observed frequencies are significantly different from the
frequencies expected by change at the .05 level of significance. Clearly
identify each of the five steps.
b. Calculate the effect
size.
c. Explain your results.
The deadline for this assignment is 11:59 PM
EST on Sunday of Week 8
